Introduction of Oil Immersed Transformer

An oil-immersed transformer is a type of power transformer in which the core and windings are fully immersed in insulating oil. The oil serves two critical functions: cooling and insulation. These transformers are widely used in electrical power distribution and transmission systems due to their reliability and efficiency in handling high voltages and currents.

Key Components:

Core – Made of laminated silicon steel to minimize energy loss due to eddy currents.

Windings – Usually made of copper or aluminum; responsible for voltage transformation.

Insulating Oil – Mineral oil or synthetic oil used to cool the transformer and provide electrical insulation.

Tank – A sealed container that holds the core, windings, and oil.

Conservator (optional) – A reservoir that accommodates oil expansion and contraction.

Breather – Prevents moisture from entering the transformer oil.

Working Principle:

The transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current (AC) passes through the primary winding, it generates a magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the secondary winding, allowing voltage transformation from high to low or vice versa.

Advantages:

Efficient Cooling: Oil conducts heat away from the core and windings effectively.

High Insulation Strength: The oil enhances dielectric strength, allowing for safe operation under high voltage.

Durability: Long operational lifespan when properly maintained.

High Capacity: Suitable for medium to large-scale power distribution systems.

Applications:

Electrical power grids

Industrial plants

Commercial buildings

Substations

Renewable energy systems (e.g., solar or wind farms)

Maintenance Tips:

Regular oil testing (for dielectric strength and moisture content)

Inspection for oil leakage

Cleaning and checking of bushings and connectors

Monitoring of temperature and pressure

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